In our computerized age, the concept of information occupies a special place in the life of society. The parameters used at the present stage of human development for the classification of information resources are very diverse. That is why you can find several types of separation of information data into classes and groups. However, in general terms, the classification of world information resources for any method of their separation is almost the same. The difference can only be in some conditional criteria, when certain types of information resources (IR) can be assigned to some group on subjective grounds.
The concept of information resources and their classification (basic types)
If you look at the concept of information or information resources in the broadest interpretation of these terms, they can be characterized as some information about the world around it, the processes taking place in it, people, objects, events,phenomena, facts, etc., regardless of the form of representation, received by a person with subsequent display in his mind.
Proceeding from this, it is customary to consider arrays of documents or individual documents that are stored in the relevant systems (data banks, the Internet, libraries, funds, archives, communication channels, etc.) as information resources.
Classification of information resources is carried out using some basic criteria or features that allow you to divide IR into several large classes, and above all, according to the degree of accessibility: open (public), closed (with limited access), personal information. But the division of IR into main types is not limited to these criteria.
Types of information resources and their classification
In a more extended version, the division into groups can be made taking into account additional criteria. And first of all, it should be noted here that at the present stage of development of society, the concept of information, or IR, is inextricably linked with documentation (this is the so-called documented information). It is understood that information of any type is recorded or stored on a certain type of media (printed, computer media, servers, communication channels, etc.).
In addition, such parameters are used separately for classifying information resources, such as dividing them into stationary and mobile.
Main directions inIR classifications
If we talk about the main directions in the division of IR into classes according to some criteria, you can find quite a lot of different ideas.
However, among all the features by which information resources are classified, the most basic ones can be distinguished:
- by source of creation;
- by degree of access;
- on purpose;
- by way of presentation and type of media;
- by form of ownership;
- according to the method of organization and storage;
- by content;
- on a linguistic and national-territorial or geographic basis;
- by level of competence, etc.
The largest class of all is the content attribute. This will be discussed separately. Let's take a look at the rest of the sections.
Among the sources of IR creation, primary and secondary are distinguished. This also includes the division into legal and non-legal (undocumented) information that remains outside the field of regulation in terms of legal norms.
In the access-based division, this can be public or private information with restricted access (for example, state, official, trade secrets or personal data).
The following information resources are most often allocated for their intended purpose:
- personal;
- corporate;
- business resources;
- media;
- political;
- educational;
- cultural;
- resources of organizations and institutions;
- services and services;
- entertainment;
- sport;
- rest;
- message boards;
- software and media repositories, etc.
Now let's see what parameters are used to classify information resources by presentation method.
As a rule, this includes the concepts of hard copies (books, newspapers, magazines, printed documents), magnetic and electronic (digital) media (audio and video recordings, photographic and film films, CDs, removable memory devices, hard computer disks) and communications (radio, TV, networks).
Among the forms of ownership are private (personal, corporate), state and municipal, federal, joint (collective), national treasure.
In terms of organization and storage, the classification of information resources is partly related to the types of media (printed publications and digital media), and also includes the concepts of libraries, collections, archives, databases, arrays of documents and automated forms.
With national-territorial affiliation, I think, everything is clear, but in terms of the degree of competence, the division is made on the basis of focusing on a mass or professional user.
Types of subjects in the concept of IR
As for IR subjects, there are three main types:
- state citizens or stateless persons;
- organizations;
- state authorities at any level.
Classified by content
Let's consider the largest section of the distribution of IR - by content - as an example of the classification of information resources according to a given criterion. In general, it includes the following large groups:
- thematic and scientific publications;
- reference information;
- advertising;
- news;
- bibliographic publications.
If you look at these aspects a little more broadly, another division can be cited as an example:
- business information (economics, finance, commerce, business, statistics);
- socio-political and legal information;
- scientific and technical information;
- consumer and other mass information;
- electronic transactions;
- computing and communications.
Naturally, any classification of information resources proposed today for the distribution of IR by individual characteristics may differ from another similar one. However, at the moment we are more interested in electronic information.
Main types of electronic information
Classification of information resources (computer science directly points to this) in the most general case implies two main types of IR according to the criterion of the mode of use:
- online - direct access to documents on serversvia networks;
- offline - the use of documents, databases or their fragments in the form of copies of primary information from the server, stored on electronic media.
In a sense, the classification of electronic information is somewhat similar to the division by content, but in addition there is a section of the software market:
- commercial software;
- free software (freeware), including open source products (GNU GPL license);
- shareware.
As another addition, some sources indicate the sector of information services and services.
The concept of an electronic document
A document of this type in most cases is understood as documented information presented in electronic form, for the perception of which electronic computing systems are used, and for transmission - communication and network tools.
Information of this type can be presented in the form of individual files, databases and arrays or automated systems. In addition, the legal aspect of the legal use of certain documents, certification and attestation of systems, as well as the protection of information of any level of access and type is of particular importance.
Classification of information on the Internet
The classification of electronic information resources would be absolutely incomplete if Internet issues were not touched upon, since today mostelectronic documents is available there.
Here are some basic criteria:
- form of presentation (web pages, information and file servers, databases, newsgroups);
- linguistic and territorial sign;
- contents, etc.
Types of Internet resources
Types and classification of educational information resources in the educational process are considered in sufficient detail. However, some additions can be made by including the concept of additional types of Internet resources in the distribution of IR into classes.
As a rule, the following criteria are distinguished:
- completeness and functional content;
- principle of user interaction (informative, interactive);
- degree of availability.
In the content part, sites are divided into business cards (concise pages with basic information), blogs (personal pages), promotion sites (advertising goods and services), electronic stores and services, information sites with specific topics, web portals (large resources or online communities), corporate offices (company automation systems), enterprise management systems integrated into the Internet and intranet (external and internal networks).
When interacting with the user, one can single out such types of IR as informational (online publications, media, television, radio), applied (online libraries and databases, software repositories with the ability todownloads, search engines), direct communication (social networks, online communities), entertainment (games, music, videos, jokes, etc.), commercial (sites with paid services and online stores), presentational advertising IR.
If we talk about the degree of accessibility, this criterion allows us to divide the IR into public (open to all users without exception), intranet (only employees of an organization within the intranet have access), extra-network (hosted on the Internet, but access has a limited circle of users).
Information Services
Finally, it is worth mentioning information services separately. First of all, this category distinguishes services for searching and processing information, issuing documents of any type upon request and storing information.
The second most important section is the provision of services for the use of the Internet, databases and AIS, access to the Internet or networks and the transfer of information, as well as the use of e-mail and the provision of hosting (formation of personal pages).
IP Defense
And, it goes without saying, any AI must be protected at the highest level, absolutely no matter what type it belongs to, and regardless of the medium on which it is stored.
In addition, protection can be understood as a legal aspect (copyright, legislation, licensing, attestation), and software tools in the form of antiviruses or firewalls.screens (firewalls - software or "hardware"), cryptographic technologies for encrypting data or connections, etc.
Conclusion
As can be seen from the above, there are quite a lot of classifications of information resources, especially if you take into account the huge number of various criteria that can be applied in each specific case. It goes without saying that some conditional divisions of IR into the corresponding classes in different versions may not coincide. Nevertheless, in general terms, they are all very similar and have much in common. Finally, all classes of IR are for the most part closely interconnected, and here only a small part of everything that can be considered if a particular type of IR is specified.
